Certificate: 18

18



Suitable only for adults
No-one younger than 18 may see an ‘18’ film in a cinema.
No-one younger than 18 may rent or buy an ‘18’ rated video.
In line with the consistent findings of the BBFC’s public consultations and The Human Rights Act 1998, at ‘18’ the BBFC’s guideline concerns will not normally override the principle that adults should be free to choose their own entertainment. Exceptions are most likely in the following areas:

• where the material is in breach of the criminal law, or has been created through the commission of a criminal offence
• where material or treatment appears to the BBFC to risk harm to individuals or, through their behaviour, to society – for example, any detailed portrayal of violent or dangerous acts, or of illegal drug use, which may cause harm to public health or morals. This may include portrayals of sexual or sexualised violence which might, for example, eroticise or endorse sexual assault
• where there are more explicit images of sexual activity which cannot be justified by context. Such images may be appropriate in ‘R18’ works, and in ‘sex works’ (see below) would normally be confined to that category.

In the case of video works (including video games), which may be more accessible to younger viewers, intervention may be more frequent than for cinema films.

Sex education at ‘18’

Where sex material genuinely seeks to inform and educate in matters such as human sexuality, safer sex and health, explicit images of sexual activity may be permitted.

Sex works at ‘18’

Sex works are works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation. Sex works containing only material which may be simulated are generally passed ‘18’. Sex works containing clear images of real sex, strong fetish material, sexually explicit animated images, or other very strong sexual images will be confined to the ‘R18’ category. Material which is unacceptable in a sex work at ‘R18’ is also unacceptable in a sex work at ‘18’.

Cerficicate:15

15 (Suitable only for 15 years and over)

No one younger than 15 may see a ‘15’ film in a cinema. No one younger than 15 may rent or buy a ‘15’ rated video work.

Drug taking may be shown but the film as a whole must not promote or encourage drug misuse. The misuse of easily accessible and highly dangerous substances (for example, aerosols or solvents) is unlikely to be acceptable.

Strong threat and menace are permitted unless sadistic or sexualised.

Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised.

There may be frequent use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’). The strongest terms (for example, ‘cunt’) may be acceptable if justified by the context. Aggressive or repeated use of the strongest language is unlikely to be acceptable.

Nudity may be allowed in a sexual context but without strong detail. There are no constraints on nudity in a non-sexual or educational context.

Sexual activity may be portrayed without strong detail. There may be strong verbal references to sexual behaviour, but the strongest references are unlikely to be acceptable unless justified by context. Works whose primary purpose is sexual arousal or stimulation are unlikely to be acceptable.

No theme is prohibited, provided the treatment is appropriate for 15 year olds.

Violence may be strong but should not dwell on the infliction of pain or injury. The strongest gory images are unlikely to be acceptable. Strong sadistic or sexualised violence is also unlikely to be acceptable. There may be detailed verbal references to sexual violence but any portrayal of sexual violence must be discreet and have a strong contextual justification

Certificate: 12

12A (Suitable for 12 years and over)

Suitable for 12 years and over

Exactly the same criteria are used to classify works at ‘12A’ and ‘12’. These categories are awarded where the material is suitable, in general, only for those aged 12 and over. Works classified at these categories may upset children under 12 or contain material which many parents will find unsuitable for them.
The ‘12A’ category exists only for cinema films. No one younger than 12 may see a ‘12A’ film in a cinema unless accompanied by an adult, and films classified ‘12A’ are not recommended for a child below 12. An adult may take a younger child if, in their judgement, the film is suitable for that particular child. In such circumstances, responsibility for allowing a child under 12 to view lies with the accompanying adult.
The ‘12’ category exists only for video works. No one younger than 12 may rent or buy a ‘12’ rated video work.
Discrimination
Discriminatory language or behaviour must not be endorsed by the work as a whole. Aggressive discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly condemned.
Drugs
Any misuse of drugs must be infrequent and should not be glamorised or give instructional detail.
Horror
Moderate physical and psychological threat may be permitted, provided disturbing sequences are not frequent or sustained.
Imitable behaviour
Dangerous behaviour (for example, hanging, suicide and self-harming) should not dwell on detail which could be copied, or appear pain or harm free. Easily accessible weapons should not be glamorised.
Language
Moderate language is allowed. The use of strong language (for example, ‘fuck’) must be infrequent.
Nudity
Nudity is allowed, but in a sexual context must be brief and discreet.
Sex
Sexual activity may be briefly and discreetly portrayed. Sex references should not go beyond what is suitable for young teenagers. Frequent crude references are unlikely to be acceptable.
Theme
Mature themes are acceptable, but their treatment must be suitable for young teenagers.
Violence
Moderate violence is allowed but should not dwell on detail. There should be no emphasis on injuries or blood, but occasional gory moments may be permitted if justified by the context. Sexual violence may only be implied or briefly and discreetly indicated, and must have a strong contextual justification.

Certificate:PG

PG (Parental Guidance)

General viewing, but some scenes may be unsuitable for young children

Unaccompanied children of any age may watch. A ‘PG’ film should not disturb a child aged around eight or older. However, parents are advised to consider whether the content may upset younger or more sensitive children.
Discrimination
Discriminatory language or behaviour is unlikely to be acceptable unless clearly disapproved of or in an educational or historical context. Discrimination by a character with which children can readily identify is unlikely to be acceptable.
Drugs
References to illegal drugs or drug misuse must be innocuous or carry a suitable anti-drug message.
Horror
Frightening sequences should not be prolonged or intense. Fantasy settings may be a mitigating factor.
Imitable behaviour
No detail of potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy. No glamorisation of realistic or easily accessible weapons.
Language
Mild bad language only.
Nudity
Natural nudity, with no sexual context.
Sex
Sexual activity may be implied, but should be discreet and infrequent. Mild sex references and innuendo only.
Theme
Where more serious issues are featured (for example, domestic violence) nothing in their treatment should condone unacceptable behaviour.
Violence
Moderate violence, without detail, may be allowed, if justified by its context (for example, history, comedy or fantasy).

Certification: U

Universal

Suitable for allIt is impossible to predict what might upset any particular child. But a ‘U’ film should be suitable for audiences aged four years and over. ‘U’ films should be set within a positive moral framework and should offer reassuring counterbalances to any violence, threat or horror.

If a work is particularly suitable for a pre-school child to view alone, this will be indicated in the Consumer Advice.
Discrimination

No discriminatory language or behaviour unless clearly disapproved of.
Drugs

No references to illegal drugs or drug misuse unless they are infrequent and innocuous, or there is a clear educational purpose or anti-drug message suitable for young children.
Horror

Scary sequences should be mild, brief and unlikely to cause undue anxiety to young children. The outcome should be reassuring.
Imitable behaviour

No potentially dangerous behaviour which young children are likely to copy. No emphasis on realistic or easily accessible weapons.
Language

Infrequent use only of very mild bad language.
Nudity

Occasional natural nudity, with no sexual context.
Sex

Mild sexual behaviour (for example, kissing) and references only (for example, to ‘making love’).
Theme

While problematic themes may be present, their treatment must be sensitive and appropriate for young children.
Violence

Mild violence only. Occasional mild threat or menace only.

AS Evaluation: Post-Production

• What have you learnt from your audience feedback?

The ways in which we can improve the video into a clip that would be cinema suitable.

• What editing decisions were made? How did they inform the production?

Entire sections of shot footage and dialogue were cut out in order to streamline the opening and not exceed our time limit.

• What particular editing tools were used and to what effect?

Many editing tools were used to cut the footage and mix the soundtrack, as well as to edit the visuals to achieve a professional look and feel.

• How did the post-production process enhance the overall production?

It created a two-minute opening out of over an hour of footage

AS Evaluation: Research & Planning

• What real media and audiences did you look at?

We took to using and analysing more spy/ action films as this is the genre we wish to conform and subvert at the same time

          How did they inform your thinking about your media production?
The way we edited whilst also being restricted into editing along with the camera shots we had already planned.

• How did you record all that research?

The use of a blog allowed us to present the information however the use of paper and pen allowed are many idea to be viewable in a constructive way before we would remove that idea completely

• What primary research was undertaken?

On site location scouting...

• What secondary research was undertaken?

Looking into film classification, movie studios...

• How did it inform the production?

Drastically, the whole project was based upon the research we done

• What is the effectiveness of these kinds of research?

Effective as long as it is used and not just ignored. see what the other directors made mistakes etc

• What quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were employed?

questionarres allowed the amount of the responses we wanted whilst face to face interviews allowed a far more detailed response.

• How did the results form these inform the production?

the ideas we came up with would be first run through a few close friends who would critisize the choices in a positive way.

• What is the effectiveness of these kinds of research?

Far more then any other research this was the most important part of our development

• How effectively were storyboards/shot lists/script followed?

To the letter.

AS Evaluation: Creativity

• How did you use media forms to come up with something new and original?

using

• Where did the ideas come from?

Mainly spy/action films such as the Bourne trilogy or James bond films

• How did you work collaboratively to share ideas?

by using Skype we could share screens adjusting different parts of our script and brainstorm ideas.

• How did you change things?

the way we changed things would be tweak a camera position or framing if that didnt work we would re arrange the section of the clip

• How did you use tools like Adobe Premier Elements to achieve something imaginative?

we used audio software to change the equalisation of the audio creating an eery feel

• What stylistic techniques were used to appeal to the audience?

Fast paced editing. Exciting music and the use of minimal language

• What was the intended outcome of the production?

A finished film opening that willed the audience into asking the queston about the film carrying on.

• How were these outcomes achieved in terms of page layout and camera shot choices (codes and conventions)?

We used various camera angles and shot types to subvert the expected conventions.

As Evaluation: Technology

• How did you use media technologies in the construction and research, planning and evaluation stages?

i used media technologies in the aspect of internet search engines to research and youtube a online video website too watch trailers and opening 2 minutes of films.

the use of a camera and computer witgh editing software to shoot and edit the film also counts. and the use of a word processor software to be able to evaluate the work i had done through the year.

• What software was used?

Mozilla Firefox, Adobe Premiere Pro CS5, Imovie, Logic 9 and soundtrack pro.

• What equipment was used?

MAcbook pro 15 inch 2009, jessops hd

• What were the technical pros and cons of the software and hardware?

Pros: well-organised, easy to use, professional

Cons: UNBELIEVABLY SLOW

• In what ways was technology used to create the production?

Technology was used to plan it, shoot it, edit it, render it and publish it.

• In what ways did the technology constrain or enable the production to be developed?

the technology felt as though it constrained the ideas i had by my lack of complete knowledge of the tools we could use

Convention of Action genre

Action

The Protagonist is often considered a prime male specimen with a muscular character appealing to the men in the idea of wanting to be the character and the woman with the idea of a romance with that character. The Character will often have to perform self-surgery, is intelligent, strong, tough and often has a romantic interest in which he must protect or rescue sometimes both. The sex of the Protagonist can change as the characters are easily balanced. a good example of a female Protagonist is Lara Croft Tomb Raider

The Antagonist will often be the ying to the Protagonists yang being opposite and wel matched. He often will appear an intellectual equal and both have respect for each other. More often then not the Antagonist will be an old friend/associate of the Protagonist who has been betrayed or believes they were betrayed by the Protagonist or someone they must protect. 

With the action genre there are many things you can expect to see. These include; Fast cars, bullets, guns, explosions, hot girls, beautiful scenery, violence and the fall and rise of the hero. These all work together to create a action filled film with a emotional attachment with the hero rising over everything that has been thrown at them.

Conventions Of Horror Genre

Horror

Across a majority of horror films the common theme is pain of the physical being. most victims tend to be young attractive females or truly unkind yobs.

The conventions of mainstream horror include the supernatural, suspense, and shock scares. Creepy young children and nursery rhymes tend to fulfill a villain capacity, as well as old women, and demonic possession. torture porn is the erotication of gruesome acts. Films like Saw heavily use these styles of slasher horror.

Some of the more popular horror films of recent years, such as Paranormal Activity and REC feature a found-footage style, providing a modicum of realism which seems to attract the masses. These films attempt to portray the events as being 'real' and filmed by amateurs indicating that all the events that they experienced are a very real possibility of them happening to you.

Conventions Of Romance Genre

Romance

What is true love? Does love at first sight exist? Why do all romance film portray a perfect ending.

The lead is often vulnerable, socially awkward often in a situation where they have just had a hard time romantically. He/She will fall for the unattainable memeber of the opposite sex. There will be something stopping them from being together most normally a love triangle.

Romantic movies can be divided into many sub-genres, the romantic comedy being the most popular, with an almost universal audience. Teen romances have distinct cliches, such as the jock and cheerleader characters, and many romances are set around a particular situation, such as a wedding or a party. Other romances can span years, such as The Notebook or time travel romance The Time Traveller's Wife.

Conventions Of Crime Genre

Crime



The Don
- Merciless
- Tends to kill anyone who disrespects him
- laid back but also ready to strike

- Smokes.
- Italian immigrant
- came to the country with nothing now has everything
- gangs primarily consist of family members
- Has a moral code, such as wont kill children.


The Story
- Police as bad corrupt
- Undercover cop.
- Cuban Cigars
- Comb overs.
- assasinations
- Corrupt courtroom scenes.
- Drugs.
- Voiceover.
- Experienced cop and young, eager cop. young cop tendsto go after these gangs
- Inventive murder technique.
- Swear words.
- Catholic gangsters.
- Bank Robberies.
- Extravagant heists.
- Prison comforts.
- Ingenius torture methods.
- Business in nightclubs or mansions-